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Implement Page Object Pattern

Pre-Requisites

So at this point, the context we would have before going with implementation is that we have read and got at least a fair idea on each of the following.

We will also be using the code base – https://github.com/machzqcq/CucumberJVMExamples (cucumberjvm-selenium-pageobject)
  1. What is page-object
  2. What is page-factory
  3. Modeling web pages into page-objects
  4. Page navigation (its dependency on page-object modeling)
  5. Road map and Future State (yes we need to align with this road map)
  6. Data-driven framework
  7. Keyword driven framework

Implement Workflow with page-object:

We will be implementing this workflow on automationpractice website. In a nutshell, we will be automating a shopping cart workflow, from sign in to purchase.

workflow

Generic Base Page:

Since all web pages have some commonalities, lets define that in a Generic Base Page. We create this under ‘src/test/java/pageobjects/BaseClass.java’

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package pageobjects;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
public abstract class BaseClass {
   public static WebDriver driver;
   public static boolean bResult;
   public  BaseClass(WebDriver driver){
      BaseClass.driver = driver;
      BaseClass.bResult = true;
   }
}

All we  are doing here is a Base Class that every page object would extend from. It has a static WebDriver, which is the handle to the current browser instance [At some point when we implement DI ,we will remove the static, but for now this model works for all our examples]. The bResult is not being used at this point, it is just a flag to set the test case pass or fail at global level [I have used this in TestNG framework and let it remain here]

Automation Home Page:

The sign_out link would appear after logging in, however we associate this element to the home page itself. We create this under ‘src/test/java/pageobjects/AutomationHomePage.java’

automation_home_page

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package pageobjects;
import helpers.Log;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
public class AutomationHomePage extends BaseClass{
   public AutomationHomePage(WebDriver driver){
      super(driver);
   }    
   @FindBy(how=How.LINK_TEXT, using="Sign in")
   public static WebElement sign_in;
   @FindBy(how=How.LINK_TEXT, using="Contact us")
   public static WebElement contact_us;
   @FindBy(how=How.LINK_TEXT, using="Sign out")
   public static WebElement sign_out;
   public static class HeaderPage
   {
      @FindBy(how=How.LINK_TEXT, using="Women")
      public static WebElement menu_women;
      @FindBy(how=How.XPATH, using="//*a[@title='Dresses']")
      public static WebElement menu_dresses;
      @FindBy(how=How.XPATH, using="//*a[@title='T-shirts']")
      public static WebElement menu_tshirts;
      public static class WomenPage
      {
         @FindBy(how=How.LINK_TEXT,using="Dresses")
         public static WebElement dresses;
         public static class DressesPage
         {
            @FindBy(how=How.LINK_TEXT,using="Summer Dresses")
            public static WebElement summer_dresses;
         }
      }
   }
}

Login Page:

We create this under ‘src/test/java/pageobjects/LoginPage.java’

login_page

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package pageobjects;
import helpers.Log;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
public class LoginPage extends BaseClass{
   public LoginPage(WebDriver driver){
      super(driver);
   }    
   @FindBy(how=How.ID, using="email")
   public static WebElement email;
   @FindBy(how=How.ID, using="passwd")
   public static WebElement password;
   @FindBy(how=How.ID, using="SubmitLogin")
   public static WebElement signin_button;
   @FindBy(how=How.ID, using="email_create")
   public static WebElement email_create;
   @FindBy(how=How.ID, using="SubmitCreate")
   public static WebElement submit_create;
   }

Contact us Page:

We create this under ‘src/test/java/pageobjects/ContactusPage.java’

contact_us_page

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package pageobjects;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
public class ContactusPage extends BaseClass{
   public ContactusPage(WebDriver driver)
   {
      super(driver);
   }
   @FindBy(how=How.CSS, using=".selector,.hover")
   public static WebElement div_heading;
   @FindBy(how=How.ID, using="id_contact")
   public static Select subject_heading;
   @FindBy(how=How.ID, using="email")
   public static WebElement email;
   @FindBy(how=How.ID, using="id_order")
   public static WebElement order_reference;
   @FindBy(how=How.ID, using="message")
   public static WebElement message;
   @FindBy(how=How.ID, using="submitMessage")
   public static WebElement submit;
   @FindBy(how=How.CLASS_NAME, using="alert-danger")
   public static WebElement error_message;
}

Let’s write Cucumber scenario

With the above three page-objects i.e. AutomationHomePage, LoginPage,ContactusPage let’s write a very simple cucumber scenario before we start building out the entire workflow. MVP, thin slice, whatever we call in Agile world right ;)

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Feature: Shopping cart on an e-commerce website
  Scenario: Sign im and sign out
    When I open automationpractice website
    And I sign in
    Then I sign out
  Scenario: Contact Us Action
    When I open automationpractice website
    Then I perform contact us actions

Step Definitions

 

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package step_definitions;
import cucumber.api.PendingException;
import helpers.DataHelper;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import modules.ContactUsAction;
import modules.SignInAction;
import modules.SignoutAction;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import pageobjects.AutomationHomePage;
import pageobjects.ContactusPage;
import pageobjects.LoginPage;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Then;
import cucumber.api.java.en.When;
public class SigninSignoutContactUsSteps {
    public WebDriver driver;
    public List<HashMap<String,String>> datamap;
    public SigninSignoutContactUsSteps()
    {
       driver = Hooks.driver;
       datamap = DataHelper.data();
    }
    @When("^I open automationpractice website$")
    public void i_open_automationpractice_website() throws Throwable {
        // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
       driver.get("http://automationpractice.com");
    }
    @When("^I sign in$")
    public void i_sign_in() throws Throwable {
        // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
       PageFactory.initElements(driver, AutomationHomePage.class);
      PageFactory.initElements(driver, LoginPage.class);
      SignInAction.Execute(driver,datamap);
    }
    @Then("^I sign out$")
    public void i_sign_out() throws Throwable {
        // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
       SignoutAction.Execute(driver,datamap);
    }
    @Then("^I perform contact us actions$")
    public void I_perform_contact_us_actions() throws Throwable {
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, AutomationHomePage.class);
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, ContactusPage.class);
        ContactUsAction.Execute(driver,datamap);
    }
}

Overall Project Structure

selenium-page-object-project-structure

Let’s Execute:

From IntelliJ:

Right click on the page and click Run as shown in the below picture

 

selenium-page-object-execute

The output should be like this. Both scenarios should pass

selenium-page-object-intellij_output

Command line output

selenium-page-object-cmd_output

CI Server Output

selenium-page-object-ci_server_output

selenium-page-object-ci_server_output1

Take a Break:

Guys, if you have reached this point and see the same output as is displayed on this page, pat yourself on the back. We have pretty touched all the points on a Hybrid framework here.

It is a thin slice we have built all the way end-end. We will cover more scenarios and build the entire shopping cart experience.

Project Code base:

The entire project code base is on my github: https://github.com/machzqcq/CucumberJVMExamples

Next:

Lets continue the workflow of selecting a product, checking out and so on, until we purchase it right.

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